Copper Storage Disease
What is Copper Storage Disease?
Copper Storage Disease (CSD) is a condition caused by an abnormal accumulation of copper in the dog's liver, which leads to progressive damage and scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). This condition may be secondary to a primary disease or the result of genetic-based abnormal copper metabolism. High liver copper levels can be toxic and lead to changes that compromise normal liver function. If left untreated, the symptoms can progress from hepatitis to liver failure.
The Dalmatian is one of several breeds that may accumulate high amounts of copper in the liver. The disease has been shown to be genetic in origin in many different breeds, and there is already anecdotal evidence that genetics plays a role in the Dalmatian as well. To date, we do not yet have a complete understanding of the mode of transmission or the specific genetic defect involved in abnormal copper metabolism for the Dalmatian.
A routine blood test can detect increased levels of liver enzymes indicating there is a problem with the liver. However, the blood tests cannot determine if the problems with the liver are due to increased copper levels. Diagnosis and differentiation from other types of liver disease can only be achieved by taking a liver biopsy and quantifying the copper levels in that sample. Once there is a confirmed diagnosis of Copper Storage Disease the treatment to reduce copper levels and prevent additional buildup is necessary. Early disease detection with treatment which includes a low copper diet improves the outcome for an affected dog.
